During the prenatal period, the fetus obtains all of its nutrients through the placenta and maternal tissues such as breast and uterus need improved energy requirements for tissue synthesis. To meet these high demands most nutrients needs are increased during pregnancy. Specifically, protein need increased by 54% and vitamin and mineral need by 0-50%. Over all energy needs increased by 13% during pregnancy. Nutrition is a vital part of human life and its need differs with age, gender and physiological changes such as pregnancy (changes in body composition, weight gain, changes in blood composition, metabolic changes and adaptive responses). Good nutrition is vital for any pregnancy and not only helps for health of mother, but also influences the development of the fetus and ensures that the baby grow well in infancy and beyond. Īppropriate levels of nutrients are essential for proper physiology of human being and it is crucial to consume healthy foods at every phase of life, beginning in the womb. Dietary diversity is the consumption of a variety of food groups over a reference period which has been accepted as an aspect of dietary quality and can show nutritional adequacy.

Undernutrition is an outcome of insufficient quantity and quality of food and frequent episodes of infectious disease or consumption of inadequate energy, protein and micronutrients to meet basic requirements for body maintenance, growth, and development. Therefore, pregnant women, government, non-governmental organization and stakeholders should focus on importance of ANC visit, clean source of drinking water and adequate dietary diversity to improve nutritional status of pregnant women.

Place of residence, ANC visit and nutrition information were significantly associated with inadequate dietary diversity. Source of drinking water, ANC visit and family size were significantly associated with pregnant women undernutrition. Undernutrition and inadequate dietary diversity among pregnant women were high in study area. Rural residence (AOR = 2.59, ), pregnant women who did not received ANC (AOR = 2.52, ) and nutrition information (AOR = 1.43 ) were significantly associated with dietary diversity among pregnant women. Pregnant women who did not receive antenatal care (AOR = 2.32, ), family size ≥ 5 (AOR: 2.93 ), unprotected sources of water (AOR: 4.14 ) were significantly associated with undernutrition. Overall prevalence of inadequate dietary diversity and undernutrition were 276 (44.4%) and 110 (17.7%) respectively. Level of statistical significance was declared at p-value < 0.05. Logistic regression analysis was carried out to identify factor associated with undernutrition and dietary diversity. The collected data were coded and entered to Epi-info version 7.2.2.6 and analyzed by SPSS version 23. Data were collected through interviewer administered questionnaires. MethodĪ community based cross-sectional study was conducted among 627 pregnant women in Gindeberet district selected by systematic random sampling from October 10/2020– November 10/2020. This study was aimed to assess dietary diversity, undernutrition and associated factors among pregnant women in Gindeberet district, Oromia, Ethiopia, 2020.

Inadequate dietary diversity and malnutrition are risk factors for low birth weight, intrauterine growth reduction and small for gestational age.

Appropriate levels of dietary diversity are essential for proper physiology of human being and it is crucial to consume healthy foods at every phase of life, especially during pregnancy.

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